Thyroid Nodules

Have you noticed a bump on your neck that seems out-of-the-ordinary? Perhaps your doctor noticed a bump during a routine yearly check-up. If so, you may have a thyroid nodule. 

What is a thyroid nodule? 

Thyroid Nodules are abnormal growths of cells in the thyroid gland (the small, butterfly-shaped gland that produces hormones that regulate your body’s metabolism, growth, and development). 

What do they look like? 

Thyroid nodules look different for different people. For many, thyroid nodules aren’t even visible to the naked eye. In some cases, nodules can become so enlarged that they can be felt and seen. Oftentimes it will feel like a round bump at the base of the neck and swelling around the nodule. In rare cases, swelling of the nodule can press on your windpipe or esophagus, causing shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing, or even pain.  

How common are thyroid nodules? 

Thyroid nodules are more common than one might think. Researchers have found that approximately half of all Americans will have one by the time they reach 60 years old. Since nodules can differ in size and shape, many with thyroid nodules will likely live their lives completely unaware of the nodules. 

What causes thyroid nodules? 

The exact cause of thyroid nodules remains somewhat uncertain. Sometimes they develop without any apparent reason. For many, there is a significant genetic component at play. If you have family members with thyroid nodules, your chances of developing them are greater. Some speculate that age may play a role, however people can develop thyroid nodules at all stages of life. 

Should I worry about thyroid nodules? 

While thyroid nodules are fairly common, the incidence of cancer is rare. Most thyroid nodules are benign and do not require treatment. In fact, approximately 95 percent of all thyroid nodules are noncancerous. If your doctor identifies a nodule, they will likely want to test the area to confirm the nodule is not cancerous. By using ultrasound imaging, your doctor will be able to evaluate the nodule and determine if everything appears normal. If your doctor is concerned about the ultrasound’s findings, they may order a thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy. This test involves extracting a small sample of cells from the nodule itself and testing it for cancer. 

How do you treat a thyroid nodule? 

Oftentimes, the treatment for a thyroid nodule is no treatment at all. If the nodule is benign and not causing any problems, they are usually left alone. Nodules that are large enough may cause difficulty swallowing or breathing. In those cases, your doctor will likely recommend that the nodule be removed to improve your symptoms. Additionally, people with multiple thyroid nodules may also have trouble with their symptoms and require removal.  

If you’re concerned about a potential thyroid nodule, don’t hesitate to speak to your primary care doctor or a board certified endocrinologist. While cancerous thyroid nodules are uncommon, they aren’t unheard of. It’s recommended to undergo testing to determine it is benign rather than to let a potentially cancerous nodule remain untreated.