Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common, potentially harmful virus characterized by very thick mucus, congestion, and runny nose that can post more risk to vulnerable members of the population. While RSV often presents as a normal, sometimes severe, cold for healthy adults, it poses greater danger for babies, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. To mitigate the harmful effects of RSV, learn more about how to identify this condition in children and adults.
Who Can Contract RSV?
Anyone can contract RSV. Exposure to RSV happens for most people during infancy or the toddler years. According to the CDC, almost all children will get RSV before their second birthday. Like the flu or COVID-19, RSV is an incredibly common respiratory virus that typically is most prevalent during the fall and winter months, peaking in transmission in December and January.
RSV is very contagious and spreads when someone comes into direct contact with another infected individual or if someone infected with the virus coughs, sneezes, or contaminates a surface with droplets of the virus. Most individuals who have RSV become contagious days before experiencing the first signs of infection and can remain contagious for approximately 8 days after contracting the virus, although some individuals remain contagious for far longer after exposure. RSV can survive on surfaces like handrails, countertops, crib rails, and more.
Symptoms of RSV
RSV can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms mimic those of a cold or other common respiratory infections. Symptoms of RSV include:
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Sneezing
- Chills
- Difficulty breathing
Severe cases of RSV can lead to other dangerous conditions, such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis, which could come with other symptoms. Infants with RSV cannot communicate their symptoms like adolescents. In infants, look out for worsened coughing, thickening congestion, diminished appetite, inability or unwillingness to nurse, fever that lasts for more than two days, blue hued skin, and signs of difficulty breathing, like wheezing or rapid breathing. If you suspect your baby has RSV, don’t delay treatment. Seek immediate medical attention with a TPMG Pediatrician for signs of an RSV infection.
Who is Most at Risk for RSV?
For many adults, RSV is about as dangerous as the common cold or flu; however, for some vulnerable members of the population, it can spell real trouble. At-risk groups for RSV infection include:
Infants
The younger population, especially those under two years old, is especially at risk for RSV. Babies don’t have fully developed lungs or immune systems, which can spell trouble for even the mildest respiratory infections. RSV is not typically severe in school-aged children; however, older children in school and daycare can contract a mild case of RSV and then pass it on to their younger, more vulnerable siblings.
Older Adults
As we age, our immune systems tend to weaken, leaving us exposed to infection. Additionally, older adults are more likely to have chronic conditions like heart or lung disease that can leave the respiratory system vulnerable. The CDC recommends adults aged 60 and older receive RSV vaccines.
Immunocompromised Individuals
Those with weakened immune systems from disease or medical treatments, like chemotherapy, must also remain vigilant.
Treatment for RSV
If a doctor suspects a case of RSV after a physical examination and medical history, they may use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs to determine if your breath sounds are even. Further testing to diagnose RSV isn’t usually required; however, you may need testing to rule out complications associated with RSV if your symptoms indicate them.
Treatment for RSV typically involves at-home remedies such as acetaminophen to reduce fever, drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, and cold medicine. Don’t hesitate to reach out to a provider regarding treatment of RSV, especially for children. Some over-the-counter medicines like aspirin are not recommended for any children, and combination cold medications are not advised for anyone under the age of six.
RSV Prevention
The best way to fight back against RSV is to take preventive measures. Fortunately, preventative measures for RSV are very similar to those for any respiratory infection. Make sure to cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, wash your hands frequently, especially after coughing or touching communal surfaces, clean surfaces regularly, look out for symptoms of RSV in yourself and others, and avoid interactions with others if you feel sick. Likewise, make sure to keep your distance from those who are exhibiting signs of respiratory illness, such as coughing or sneezing.
RSV Vaccinations in Hampton Roads, VA
Vaccination is another way you can prevent RSV for yourself and your loved ones. For more information regarding RSV vaccination for infants and older adults, consult a TPMG Pediatrician or our TPMG Internal Medicine Physicians in Hampton Roads, VA.